给 Systemd 的操作加上 Bash 简写及其自动完成

大家都知道 systemd 启个服务打 systemctl start nginx.service 实在是长的难受(尽管有Tab…), 于是 ArchWiki 上有介绍一个简单用 start nginx 来代替的方法, 但是这个方法没有 Bash 自动补全, 于是我自己折腾了一下..

补全函数都取自他们各自原来的 bash-completion 文件, 我只修改了一点点(可惜不能复用啊..).

嗯, 照例上代码…
/etc/bash.bashrc, 或者 ~/.bashrc 里添加:

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if ! systemd-notify --booted; then  # not using systemd
  start() {
    sudo rc.d start $1
  }
 
  restart() {
    sudo rc.d restart $1
  }
 
  stop() {
    sudo rc.d stop $1
  }
else
  _target() {
    if [[ "$1" == *.service ]]
    then
      echo $1
    else
      echo $1.service
    fi
  }
  export -f _target
 
  start() {
    sudo systemctl start $(_target $1)
  }
  export -f start
 
  restart() {
    sudo systemctl restart $(_target $1)
  }
  export -f restart
 
  stop() {
    sudo systemctl stop $(_target $1)
  }
  export -f stop
 
  enable() {
    sudo systemctl enable $(_target $1)
  }
  export -f enable
 
  status() {
    sudo systemctl status $(_target $1)
  }
  export -f status
 
  disable() {
    sudo systemctl disable $(_target $1)
  }
  export -f disable
fi


然后是自动完成:
/etc/bash_completion.d/systemctl_shortcut

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# This file was part of systemd, modified 2012 by Felix Yan.
#
# Copyright 2010 Ran Benita
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
__systemctl() {
        systemctl --full --no-legend "$@"
}
 
__contains_word () {
        local word=$1; shift
        for w in $*; do [[ $w = $word ]] && return 0; done
        return 1
}
 
__filter_units_by_property () {
        local property=$1 value=$2 ; shift 2
        local units=("$@")
        local props
        IFS=$'\n' read -rd '' -a props < \
            <(__systemctl show --property "$property" -- "${units[@]}")
        for ((i=0; $i < ${#units[*]}; i++)); do
                if [[ "${props[i]}" = "$property=$value" ]]; then
                        printf "%s\n" "${units[i]}"
                fi
        done
}
 
__get_all_units      () { __systemctl list-units --all \
        | { while read -r a b; do printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
__get_active_units   () { __systemctl list-units       \
        | { while read -r a b; do printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
__get_inactive_units () { __systemctl list-units --all \
        | { while read -r a b c d; do [[ $c == "inactive" ]] && printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
__get_failed_units   () { __systemctl list-units       \
        | { while read -r a b c d; do [[ $c == "failed"   ]] && printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
__get_enabled_units  () { __systemctl list-unit-files  \
        | { while read -r a b c  ; do [[ $b == "enabled"  ]] && printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
__get_disabled_units () { __systemctl list-unit-files  \
        | { while read -r a b c  ; do [[ $b == "disabled" ]] && printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
__get_masked_units   () { __systemctl list-unit-files  \
        | { while read -r a b c  ; do [[ $b == "masked"   ]] && printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; }; }
 
_systemctl () {
        local cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
local prev=$1
        local verb comps
 
        local -A OPTS=(
               [STANDALONE]='--all -a --defaults --fail --ignore-dependencies --failed --force -f --full --global
                             --help -h --no-ask-password --no-block --no-legend --no-pager --no-reload --no-wall
                             --order --require --quiet -q --privileged -P --system --user --version --runtime'
                      [ARG]='--host -H --kill-mode --kill-who --property -p --signal -s --type -t --root'
        )
 
        if __contains_word "$prev" ${OPTS[ARG]}; then
                case $prev in
                        --signal|-s)
                                comps=$(compgen -A signal)
                        ;;
                        --type|-t)
                                comps='automount device mount path service snapshot socket swap target timer'
                        ;;
                        --kill-who)
                                comps='all control main'
                        ;;
                        --kill-mode)
                                comps='control-group process'
                        ;;
                        --root)
                                comps=$(compgen -A directory -- "$cur" )
                                compopt -o filenames
                        ;;
                        --host|-H)
                                comps=$(compgen -A hostname)
                        ;;
                        --property|-p)
                                comps=''
                        ;;
                esac
                COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
                return 0
        fi
 
 
        if [[ "$cur" = -* ]]; then
                COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '${OPTS[*]}' -- "$cur") )
                return 0
        fi
 
        local -A VERBS=(
                [ALL_UNITS]='is-active is-enabled status show mask preset'
            [ENABLED_UNITS]='disable reenable'
           [DISABLED_UNITS]='enable'
             [FAILED_UNITS]='reset-failed'
          [STARTABLE_UNITS]='start'
          [STOPPABLE_UNITS]='stop condstop kill try-restart condrestart'
         [ISOLATABLE_UNITS]='isolate'
         [RELOADABLE_UNITS]='reload condreload reload-or-try-restart force-reload'
        [RESTARTABLE_UNITS]='restart reload-or-restart'
             [MASKED_UNITS]='unmask'
                     [JOBS]='cancel'
                [SNAPSHOTS]='delete'
                     [ENVS]='set-environment unset-environment'
               [STANDALONE]='daemon-reexec daemon-reload default dot dump
                             emergency exit halt kexec list-jobs list-units
                             list-unit-files poweroff reboot rescue show-environment'
                     [NAME]='snapshot load'
                     [FILE]='link'
        )
 
        for ((i=0; $i <= $COMP_CWORD; i++)); do
                if __contains_word "${COMP_WORDS[i]}" ${VERBS[*]} &&
                 ! __contains_word "${COMP_WORDS[i-1]}" ${OPTS[ARG}]}; then
                        verb=${COMP_WORDS[i]}
                        break
                fi
        done
 
        if   [[ -z $verb ]]; then
                comps="${VERBS[*]}"
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[ALL_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __get_all_units )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[ENABLED_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __get_enabled_units )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[DISABLED_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __get_disabled_units )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[STARTABLE_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __filter_units_by_property CanStart yes \
                      $( __get_inactive_units \
        | while read -r line; do \
                [[ "$line" =~ \.(device|snapshot)$ ]] || printf "%s\n" "$line"; \
        done ))
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[RESTARTABLE_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __filter_units_by_property CanStart yes \
                      $( __get_all_units \
        | while read -r line; do \
                [[ "$line" =~ \.(device|snapshot|socket|timer)$ ]] || printf "%s\n" "$line"; \
        done ))
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[STOPPABLE_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __filter_units_by_property CanStop yes \
                      $( __get_active_units ) )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[RELOADABLE_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __filter_units_by_property CanReload yes \
                      $( __get_active_units ) )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[ISOLATABLE_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __filter_units_by_property AllowIsolate yes \
                      $( __get_all_units ) )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[FAILED_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __get_failed_units )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[MASKED_UNITS]}; then
                comps=$( __get_masked_units )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[STANDALONE]} ${VERBS[NAME]}; then
                comps=''
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[JOBS]}; then
                comps=$( __systemctl list-jobs | { while read -r a b; do printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; } )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[SNAPSHOTS]}; then
                comps=$( __systemctl list-units --type snapshot --full --all \
                        | { while read -r a b; do printf "%s\n" "$a"; done; } )
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[ENVS]}; then
                comps=$( __systemctl show-environment \
                    | while read -r line; do printf "%s\n" "${line%%=*}=";done )
                compopt -o nospace
 
        elif __contains_word "$verb" ${VERBS[FILE]}; then
                comps=$( compgen -A file -- "$cur" )
                compopt -o filenames
        fi
 
        COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
        return 0
}
 
_systemctl_start () {
_systemctl start
}
 
_systemctl_restart () {
        _systemctl restart
}
 
_systemctl_stop () {
        _systemctl stop
}
 
_systemctl_enable () {
        _systemctl enable
}
 
_systemctl_disable () {
        _systemctl disable
}
 
_systemctl_status () {
        _systemctl status
}
 
_rc_d ()
{
local action cur prev
actions='help list start stop reload restart'
options='-s --started -S --stopped -a --auto -A --noauto'
cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
arg=$1
if [[ -z "$arg" ]]; then
COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${actions} ${options}" -- "$cur"))
elif [[ "$arg" == help ]]; then
COMPREPLY=()
elif [[ "$arg" == start ]]; then
COMPREPLY=($(comm -23 <(cd /etc/rc.d && compgen -f -X 'functions*' "$cur"|sort) <(cd /run/daemons/ && compgen -f "$cur"|sort)))
elif [[ "$arg" =~ stop|restart|reload ]]; then
COMPREPLY=($(cd /run/daemons/ && compgen -f "$cur"|sort))
else
COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "${options} $(cd /etc/rc.d && compgen -f -X 'functions*')" -- "$cur"))
fi
}
 
_rc_d_start () {
_rc_d start
}
 
_rc_d_restart () {
_rc_d restart
}
 
_rc_d_stop () {
_rc_d stop
}
 
if ! systemd-notify --booted; then
complete -F _rc_d_start start
complete -F _rc_d_restart restart
complete -F _rc_d_stop stop
else
complete -F _systemctl_start start
complete -F _systemctl_restart restart
complete -F _systemctl_stop stop
complete -F _systemctl_enable enable
complete -F _systemctl_disable disable
complete -F _systemctl_status status
fi

参考资料: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd

9 thoughts on “给 Systemd 的操作加上 Bash 简写及其自动完成”

  2. bash_completion.d 看起来没有必要的复杂，真不知道当初为什么选择用这种方式配置自动补全。

    Reply

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    if ! systemd-notify --booted; then
        start   () { rc.d $FUNCNAME $1; }
        restart () { rc.d $FUNCNAME $1; }
        stop    () { rc.d $FUNCNAME $1; }
    else
        _systemd () { echo ${1%.service}.service; }
     
        start   () { systemctl $FUNCNAME $(_systemd $1); }
        restart () { systemctl $FUNCNAME $(_systemd $1); }
        stop    () { systemctl $FUNCNAME $(_systemd $1); }
        enable  () { systemctl $FUNCNAME $(_systemd $1); }
        disable () { systemctl $FUNCNAME $(_systemd $1); }
        status  () { systemctl $FUNCNAME $(_systemd $1); }
    fi

    Reply

    1. 想让.bashrc好看点，就这么压缩了一下…

      不好用嘛，乃编辑下让它显示成代码吧…

还有乃的国旗不认IPv6？…
      Reply

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